Statistical and probabilistic methods have been traditionally applied for addressing many hydrological and geophysical problems, such as extreme flood and precipitation frequency analysis, extreme drought analysis and prediction, spatial analysis of hydrological processes such as rainfall  and infiltration, stochastic simulation of hydrological processes such as streamflow and precipitation, short and long range forecasting of hydrological processes, ocean waves prediction, etc. While the field has been well established and much experience has been gained over the years,  the development of new statistical methods and tools and the advances in computing hardware and software have further enlarged the scope of applications. In addition, the advances in other neighboring fields such as atmospheric and climatic sciences have further expanded our understanding and created new challenges in the field of statistical hydrology.